Overview
A Public Limited Company (PLC) is a business structure that offers limited liability to its shareholders and allows raising capital from the public through share issuance. It is ideal for businesses planning large-scale operations, expansion, and funding through equity. Public limited companies are regulated by the Companies Act, 2013 and overseen by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).
Benefits of a Public Limited Company
Limited Liability – Shareholders are liable only for their shareholding.
Access to Capital – Raise funds by issuing shares to the public or through stock markets.
Enhanced Credibility – Greater transparency attracts investors, lenders, and partners.
Perpetual Succession – The company continues even if ownership or management changes.
Better Growth Opportunities – Easy to expand through mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures.
Requirements
Minimum Shareholders: 7
Minimum Directors: 3 (at least one must be a resident of India)
Authorized Share Capital: As per MCA norms (commonly ₹5 lakh or more)
Registered Office Address: Must be in India
Digital Signatures (DSC): For all directors
Director Identification Number (DIN): For all directors
Eligibility
Any Indian citizen or NRI over 18 years can become a director/shareholder.
The company must have a unique name approved by MCA.
Should comply with SEBI regulations if planning to list shares on a stock exchange.
The business must engage in lawful activities as per the Companies Act, 2013.
Required Documents
For Directors & Shareholders:
PAN Card & Aadhaar Card (mandatory for Indian nationals)
Passport (for foreign nationals)
Recent passport-size photographs
Address proof (Voter ID, Driving License, or Utility Bill)
For Registered Office:
Proof of address (electricity bill, water bill, or property tax receipt)
No-objection certificate (NOC) from the property owner
Rent agreement (if rented premises)
Other Documents:
Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
Director Identification Number (DIN)
Registration Process in India
Obtain Digital Signatures (DSC) – Required for all proposed directors.
Apply for Director Identification Number (DIN) – For each director through MCA.
Name Approval (RUN) – Submit 1–2 unique names for MCA approval.
Drafting MOA & AOA – Prepare Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Filing with MCA (SPICe+ Form) – Submit incorporation documents online.
Receive Certificate of Incorporation (COI) – Proof of company registration.
Apply for PAN & TAN – Issued automatically upon incorporation.
Open Company Bank Account – To start operations and manage finances.
(Optional) Apply for GST, EPFO, ESIC registrations – Based on business needs.
Typically, the minimum authorized capital is ₹5 lakh, but it can be increased based on business needs.
A minimum of 3 directors and 7 shareholders are mandatory. There is no maximum limit on shareholders.
Public companies must hold annual general meetings (AGM), file annual returns, and comply with SEBI and MCA regulations.
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Yes, NRIs and foreign entities can invest, subject to FDI guidelines.
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